Edward Gerstenfeld, MD, MS

Professor

Dr Gerstenfeld is the Melvin Scheinman Endowed Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology at UCSF. He is the Associate Editor of the Journal of Cardiac Electrophsyiology, is on the editorial board of multiple Cardiology/EP journals, has served 7 years on the ABIM CCEP board writing committee and the 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS guideline committee for catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation.

CLINICAL INTERESTS:
1) Treatment of atrial fibrillation (including catheter ablation of paroxysmal and persistent AF); mapping and ablation of atrial tachycardias/flutters that occur after AF ablation;
2) Treatment and ablation of supraventricular tachycardias (atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, AV node reentry, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome);
3) Mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with normal hearts, ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (including epicardial mapping and ablation).
4) Treatment of ventricular tachycardia in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVC), including endocardial and epicardial mapping.
5) Treatment of patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes including long QT syndrome (LQTS), catecholaminergic VT (CPVT), Brugada syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

RESEARCH INTERESTS:
Dr Gerstenfeld's laboratory is interested in better understanding the mechanism of atrial fibrillation using signal processing an humans and preclinical models studying differences between endocardial and epicardial activation during AF. Dr Gerstenfeld's laboratory has one of the only preclinical swine models of pacing induced cardiomyopathy and seeks to better understand the mechanism of cardiomyopathy causes by premature ventricular beats. He also has performed preclinical work to improve ablation techniques for ventricular tachycardia, including hi intensity ultrasound (HiFU) and multipolar linear ablation.

Education
2001 - Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of Pennsylvania
1999 - Cardiology, Univ of Massachusetts
1996 - Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital
M.S., 1993 - Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University
M.D., 1993 - School of Medicine, Northwestern University
BSE, 1988 - Biomedical/Electrical Engineering, Duke University
Websites
Publications

  1. Kalman JM, Saad E, Gerstenfeld EP. Knowledge gaps in the 2024 consensus statement on atrial fibrillation ablation. European heart journal 2025. PMID: 40325605


  2. Reddy VY, Gerstenfeld EP, Schmidt B, Nair D, Natale A, Saliba W, Verma A, Sommer P, Metzner A, Turagam M, Weiner S, Champagne J, Garcio-Bolao I, Calkins H, Olson J, Issa Z, Winner M, Su W, Tomassoni G, Kim J, Hook B, Delurgio DB, Gibson DN, Daccarett M, Patel C, Bhalla K, Shehata M, Harding JD, Cheung JW, Raybuck JD, Roelke S, Schwartz T, Sutton BS, Mansour M, ADVANTAGE-AF Investigators. Pulsed Field Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: 1-Year Results of ADVANTAGE AF. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2025. PMID: 40306839


  3. Venkateswaran RV, Kataoka S, Kwon CH, Lee SH, Gerstenfeld EP. Effect of Anterior vs Posterior Dispersive Patch Placement on Radiofrequency Ablation Lesion Size in Swine. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2025. PMID: 40298855


  4. Reddy VY, Gerstenfeld EP, Schmidt B, Andrade JG, Nair D, Natale A, Saliba W, Sommer P, Metzner A, Verma A, Hounshell T, Amin A, Gentlesk P, Weiner S, Cuoco FA, Kim J, Turagam MK, Tomassoni G, Patel C, Issa Z, Shehata M, Anderson AM, Stoltz TJ, Raybuck JD, Schwartz T, Sutton BS, Mansour M, ADVANTAGE-AF Investigators. Pulsed Field Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation With Continuous ECG Monitoring Follow-Up: ADVANTAGE AF-Phase 2. Circulation 2025. PMID: 40273320


  5. Mountantonakis SE, Gerstenfeld EP, Mansour M, Cuoco FA, Natale A, Patel C, Gibson DN, Halperin BD, Santangeli P, D'Souza B, Coleman KM, Richards E, Albrecht EM, Schneider CW, Sutton BS, Reddy VY. Predictors of atrial fibrillation freedom postablation with the pentaspline pulsed field ablation catheter: Subanalysis of the ADVENT Study. Heart rhythm 2025. PMID: 40057295


  6. Marcus GM, Tung R, Gerstenfeld EP, Hue TF, Lin F, Cheng J, Weiss JP, Tzou WS, Hsia H, Ehdaie A, Cooper DH, Bunch TJ, Arkles J, Nazer B, Lee A, Hadjis A, Nguyen DT, Chelu MG, Moss J, Hsu JC, Valderrábano M, Bhave PD, Beaser AD, Kanagasundram A, Wazni O, Bradfield J, Wall G, Chang K, Yang M, Montenegro G, Jarrott S, Kramer JH, Kim AS, Morris YM, Dillon WP. Left Ventricular Entry to Reduce Brain Lesions During Catheter Ablation: A Randomized Trial. Circulation 2025. PMID: 39989365


  7. Kataoka S, Kewcharoen J, Hsia HH, Sternick EB, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. A Peculiar Pattern of Preexcitation. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2025. PMID: 40088218


  8. Wong CX, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. Resistant Ventricular Tachycardia: What Are We Missing? Heart rhythm 2025. PMID: 39828071


  9. Padula WV, Paffrath A, Jacobsen CM, Cohen BG, Nadboy R, Sutton BS, Gerstenfeld EP, Mansour M, Reddy VY. Comparing pulsed field ablation and thermal energy catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A cost-effectiveness analysis of the ADVENT trial. Journal of medical economics 2024. PMID: 39694707


  10. Higuchi S, Venkateswaran R, Im S, Lee C, Kataoka S, Olgin J, Stillson C, Bibby D, Abraham T, Schiller NB, Gerstenfeld EP. Shorter Premature Atrial Complex Coupling Interval Leads to Mechanical Dysfunction, Fibrosis, and AF in Swine. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2024. PMID: 39480389


  11. Torrado J, Sima A, Comstuck C, Kaszala K, Tan A, Koneru J, Frankel DS, Marchlinski F, Kowalski M, Sharma P, Gerstenfeld EP, Vaseghi M, Shivkumar K, Malhotra R, Morillo C, Ellenbogen KA, Huizar JF. Prevalence of frequent premature ventricular contractions and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients receiving Holter monitoring. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2024. PMID: 39445764


  12. Tzeis S, Gerstenfeld EP, Kalman J, Saad EB, Sepehri Shamloo A, Andrade JG, Barbhaiya CR, Baykaner T, Boveda S, Calkins H, Chan NY, Chen M, Chen SA, Dagres N, Damiano RJ, De Potter T, Deisenhofer I, Derval N, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Dyrda K, Hindricks G, Hocini M, Kim YH, la Meir M, Merino JL, Michaud GF, Natale A, Nault I, Nava S, Nitta T, O'Neill M, Pak HN, Piccini JP, Pürerfellner H, Reichlin T, Saenz LC, Sanders P, Schilling R, Schmidt B, Supple GE, Thomas KL, Tondo C, Verma A, Wan EY. 2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of arrhythmia 2024. PMID: 39669937


  13. Higuchi S, Gerstenfeld EP. Coronary artery injury in pulsed field ablation. Current opinion in cardiology 2024. PMID: 39633559


  14. Tzeis S, Gerstenfeld EP, Kalman J, Saad E, Shamloo AS, Andrade JG, Barbhaiya CR, Baykaner T, Boveda S, Calkins H, Chan NY, Chen M, Chen SA, Dagres N, Damiano RJ, De Potter T, Deisenhofer I, Derval N, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Dyrda K, Hindricks G, Hocini M, Kim YH, la Meir M, Merino JL, Michaud GF, Natale A, Nault I, Nava S, Nitta T, O'Neill M, Pak HN, Piccini JP, Pürerfellner H, Reichlin T, Saenz LC, Sanders P, Schilling R, Schmidt B, Supple GE, Thomas KL, Tondo C, Verma A, Wan EY. 2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2024. PMID: 38609733


  15. William J, Kistler Mbbd PM, Kalman JM, Scheinman M, Sugumar H, Prabhu S, Ling LH, Vedantham V, Tseng Z, Moss J, Gerstenfeld EP, Voskoboinik A. Aberrancy masquerading as ventricular tachycardia: Importance of invasive electrophysiology study for diagnosis of wide complex tachycardias. Journal of electrocardiology 2024. PMID: 38852223


  16. Patel C, Gerstenfeld EP, Gupta SK, Winterfield J, Woods C, Natale A, Schneider CW, Achyutha AB, Holland SK, Richards E, Albrecht EM, Lehmann JW, Mansour M, Reddy VY. Comparison of cerebral safety after atrial fibrillation using pulsed field and thermal ablation: Results of the neurological assessment subgroup in the ADVENT trial. Heart rhythm 2024. PMID: 38823667


  17. Reddy VY, Mansour M, Calkins H, d'Avila A, Chinitz L, Woods C, Gupta SK, Kim J, Eldadah ZA, Pickett RA, Winterfield J, Su WW, Waks JW, Schneider CW, Richards E, Albrecht EM, Sutton BS, Gerstenfeld EP, ADVENT Investigators. Pulsed Field vs Conventional Thermal Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Recurrent Atrial Arrhythmia Burden. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2024. PMID: 38864538


  18. Gerstenfeld EP, Mansour M, Whang W, Venkateswaran R, Harding JD, Ellis CR, Ellenbogen KA, Osorio J, DeLurgio DB, Daccarett M, Mangrum M, McElderry T, Richards E, Albrecht EM, Schneider CW, Sutton BS, Reddy VY. Autonomic Effects of Pulsed Field vs Thermal Ablation for Treating Atrial Fibrillation: Subanalysis of ADVENT. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2024. PMID: 38869507


  19. Barkagan M, Milman A, Zahavi G, Younis A, Dhakal B, Dixit S, Wong CX, Gerstenfeld EP, Narayan SM, Bunch JT, Cerbin L, Tzou WS, Metzl M, Khanani A, Siddiqui UR, Mohanty S, Natale A, Medina A, Anter E. Catheter Ablation as First-Line Therapy in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Patient Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2024. PMID: 38703164


  20. Krumerman A, Di Biase L, Gerstenfeld E, Dickfeld T, Verma N, Liberman L, Amara R, Kacorri A, Crosson L, Wilk A, Ferrick KJ. Premature ventricular complexes: Assessing burden density in a large national cohort to better define optimal ECG monitoring duration. Heart rhythm 2024. PMID: 38641221


  21. Parkash R, Gerstenfeld EP. Another One Bites the Dust: Pulsed Field Ablation of Posterior Wall Fails to Provide Benefit. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2024. PMID: 38613548


  22. Tzeis S, Gerstenfeld EP, Kalman J, Saad E, Shamloo AS, Andrade JG, Barbhaiya CR, Baykaner T, Boveda S, Calkins H, Chan NY, Chen M, Chen SA, Dagres N, Damiano RJ, De Potter T, Deisenhofer I, Derval N, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Dyrda K, Hindricks G, Hocini M, Kim YH, la Meir M, Merino JL, Michaud GF, Natale A, Nault I, Nava S, Nitta T, O'Neill M, Pak HN, Piccini JP, Pürerfellner H, Reichlin T, Saenz LC, Sanders P, Schilling R, Schmidt B, Supple GE, Thomas KL, Tondo C, Verma A, Wan EY. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart rhythm 2024. PMID: 38597857


  23. Tzeis S, Gerstenfeld EP, Kalman J, Saad EB, Sepehri Shamloo A, Andrade JG, Barbhaiya CR, Baykaner T, Boveda S, Calkins H, Chan NY, Chen M, Chen SA, Dagres N, Damiano RJ, De Potter T, Deisenhofer I, Derval N, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Dyrda K, Hindricks G, Hocini M, Kim YH, la Meir M, Merino JL, Michaud GF, Natale A, Nault I, Nava S, Nitta T, O'Neill M, Pak HN, Piccini JP, Pürerfellner H, Reichlin T, Saenz LC, Sanders P, Schilling R, Schmidt B, Supple GE, Thomas KL, Tondo C, Verma A, Wan EY, Steven D, Agbayani MJ, Jared Bunch T, Chugh A, Díaz JC, Freeman JV, Hardy CA, Heidbuchel H, Johar S, Linz D, Maesen B, Noseworthy PA, Oh S, Porta-Sanchez A, Potpara T, Rodriguez-Diez G, Sacher F, Suwalski P, Trines SA. 2024 European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Rhythm Society/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2024. PMID: 38587017


  24. Aksu T, Tung R, De Potter T, Markman TM, Santangeli P, du Fay de Lavallaz J, Winterfield JR, Baykaner T, Alyesh D, Joza JE, Gopinathannair R, Badertscher P, Do DH, Hussein A, Osorio J, Dewland T, Perino A, Rodgers AJ, DeSimone C, Alfie A, Atwater BD, Singh D, Kumar K, Salcedo J, Bradfield JS, Upadhyay G, Sood N, Sharma PS, Gautam S, Kumar V, Forno ARJD, Woods CE, Rav-Acha M, Valeriano C, Kapur S, Enriquez A, Sundaram S, Glikson M, Gerstenfeld E, Piccini J, Tzou WS, Sauer W, d'Avila A, Shivkumar K, Huang HD. Cardioneuroablation for the management of patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope and symptomatic bradyarrhythmias: the CNA-FWRD Registry. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2024. PMID: 38499825


  25. Reddy VY, Gerstenfeld EP, Mansour M. Pulsed Field Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. Reply. The New England journal of medicine 2024. PMID: 38477999


  26. Mansour M, Gerstenfeld EP, Patel C, Natale A, Whang W, Cuoco FA, Mountantonakis SE, Gibson DN, Harding JD, Holland SK, Achyutha AB, Schneider CW, Mugglin AS, Albrecht EM, Stein KM, Lehmann JW, Reddy VY. Pulmonary Vein Narrowing after Pulsed Field Versus Thermal Ablation. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2024. PMID: 38305503


  27. Ciuffo L, Tung M, Dukes JW, Vittinghoff E, Moss JD, Lee RJ, Lee BK, Tseng ZH, Vedantham V, Olgin JE, Scheinman MM, Hsia H, Ramchandani VA, Gerstenfeld EP, Marcus GM. Acute alcohol exposure and electrocardiographic changes: Finding from the HOLIDAY trial. Journal of electrocardiology 2024. PMID: 38295539


  28. Hawson J, Anderson RD, Das SK, Al-Kaisey A, Chieng D, Segan L, Watts T, Campbell T, Morton J, McLellan A, Sparks P, Lee A, Gerstenfeld EP, Hsia HH, Voskoboinik A, Pathik B, Kumar S, Kistler PM, Kalman J, Lee G. Optimal Annotation of Local Activation Time in Ventricular Tachycardia Substrate Mapping. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 38099880


  29. Higuchi S, Voskoboinik A, Il Im S, Lee A, Olgin J, Arbil A, Afzal J, Marcus GM, Stillson C, Bibby D, Abraham T, Wilson E, Gerstenfeld EP. Frequent Premature Atrial Contractions Lead to Adverse Atrial Remodeling and Atrial Fibrillation in a Swine Model. Circulation 2023. PMID: 37994608


  30. Howell SJ, Agrawal H, Gerstenfeld EP. A Case of Alcohol Leading to Isolation in the Electrophysiology Laboratory. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 37831031


  31. Higuchi S, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. A small wave with major implications. Heart rhythm 2023. PMID: 37777303


  32. Sanchez J, Woods C, Zagrodzky J, Nazari J, Singleton MJ, Schricker A, Ruppert A, Brumback B, Jenny B, Athill C, Joseph C, Shah D, Upadhyay G, Kulstad E, Cogan J, Leyton-Mange J, Cooper J, Tamirisa K, Omotoye S, Timilsina S, Perez-Verdia A, Kaplan A, Patel A, Ro A, Corsello A, Kolli A, Greet B, Willms D, Burkland D, Castillo D, Zahwe F, Nayak H, Daniels J, MacGregor J, Sackett M, Kutayli WM, Barakat M, Percell R, Akrivakis S, Hao SC, Liu T, Panico A, Ramireddy A, Dewland T, Gerstenfeld EP, Lanes DB, Sze E, Francisco G, Silva J, McHugh J, Sung K, Feldman L, Serafini N, Kawasaki R, Hongo R, Kuk R, Hayward R, Park S, Vu A, Henry C, Bailey S, Mickelsen S, Taneja T, Fisher W, Metzl M. Atrioesophageal Fistula Rates Before and After Adoption of Active Esophageal Cooling During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 37737773


  33. Reddy VY, Gerstenfeld EP, Natale A, Whang W, Cuoco FA, Patel C, Mountantonakis SE, Gibson DN, Harding JD, Ellis CR, Ellenbogen KA, DeLurgio DB, Osorio J, Achyutha AB, Schneider CW, Mugglin AS, Albrecht EM, Stein KM, Lehmann JW, Mansour M, ADVENT Investigators. Pulsed Field or Conventional Thermal Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. The New England journal of medicine 2023. PMID: 37634148


  34. Cheung CC, Mori S, Gerstenfeld EP. Iatrogenic Atrioventricular Block. Cardiology clinics 2023. PMID: 37321692


  35. Cheung CC, Gerstenfeld EP. Rethinking Ablation Indices in the Ventricle: It's About Time! JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 37498244


  36. Higuchi S, Li R, Gerstenfeld EP, Liem LB, Im SI, Kalantarian S, Ansari M, Abreau S, Barrios J, Scheinman MM, Tison GH. Identification of supraventricular tachycardia mechanisms with surface electrocardiograms using a convolutional neural network. Heart rhythm O2 2023. PMID: 37645266


  37. Cheung CC, Gerstenfeld EP. Worsening Dyspnea and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in a 79-Year-Old Woman. JAMA cardiology 2023. PMID: 37017996


  38. Higuchi S, Gerstenfeld EP, Hsia HH, Wong CX, Ho RT, Tchou PJ, Nissan B, Shauer A, Belhassen B, Scheinman MM. Novel Approaches for the Diagnosis of Concealed Nodo-Ventricular and His-Ventricular Pathways. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 37082968


  39. Higuchi S, Buck ED, Schneider CW, Gerstenfeld EP. What is a safe distance for delivering pulsed field ablation near coronary arteries? Heart rhythm 2023. PMID: 37075959


  40. Reddy VY, Lehmann JW, Gerstenfeld EP, Mugglin AS, Schneider CW, Achyutha AB, Mansour M. A randomized controlled trial of pulsed field ablation versus standard-of-care ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: The ADVENT trial rationale and design. Heart rhythm O2 2023. PMID: 37323994


  41. Lee AC, Voskoboinik A, Cheung CC, Yogi S, Tseng ZH, Moss JD, Dewland TA, Lee BK, Lee RJ, Hsia HH, Marcus GM, Vedantham V, Chieng D, Kistler PM, Dillon W, Vittinghoff E, Gerstenfeld EP. A Randomized Trial of High vs Standard Power Radiofrequency Ablation for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: SHORT-AF. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 37495318


  42. Howell SJ, Dukes JW, Vittinghoff E, Tang J, Moss JD, Lee RJ, Lee BK, Tseng ZH, Vedantham V, Olgin JE, Scheinman MM, Hsia H, Gerstenfeld EP, Marcus GM. Premature Atrial Contraction Location and Atrial Fibrillation Inducibility. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 36688298


  43. Hawson J, Al-Kaisey A, Anderson RD, Chieng D, Segan L, Watts T, Campbell T, Morton J, McLellan A, Sparks P, Lee A, Gerstenfeld EP, Hsia HH, Voskoboinik A, Prabhu S, Pathik B, Kumar S, Kistler P, Kalman J, Lee G. Retrospective Window of Interest Annotation Provides New Insights Into Functional Channels in Ventricular Tachycardia Substrate. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023. PMID: 36697187


  44. Delling FN, Noseworthy PA, Adams DH, Basso C, Borger M, Bouatia-Naji N, Elmariah S, Evans F, Gerstenfeld E, Hung J, Le Tourneau T, Lewis J, Miller MA, Norris RA, Padala M, Perazzolo-Marra M, Shah DJ, Weinsaft JW, Enriquez-Sarano M, Levine RA. Research Opportunities in the Treatment of Mitral Valve Prolapse: JACC Expert Panel. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2022. PMID: 36480975


  45. Dewland TA, Gerstenfeld EP, Moss JD, Lee AC, Vedantham V, Lee RJ, Tseng ZH, Hsia HH, Lee BK, Wall GC, Chang KR, Yang MH, Marcus GM. Randomized Comparison of a�Radiofrequency Wire Versus a�Radiofrequency Needle System for�Transseptal Puncture. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2022. PMID: 36752451


  46. Wong CX, Higuchi S, Nagashima K, Kaneko Y, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. Ventriculoatrial Block and His-His�Changes During Supraventricular�Tachycardia: Diagnostic and Mechanistic Implications. JACC. Case reports 2022. PMID: 36704060


  47. Hawson J, Van Nieuwenhuyse E, Van Den Abeele R, Al-Kaisey A, Anderson RD, Chieng D, Segan L, Watts T, Campbell T, Hendrickx S, Morton J, McLellan A, Kistler P, Lee A, Gerstenfeld EP, Hsia HH, Voskoboinik A, Pathik B, Kumar S, Kalman J, Lee G, Vandersickel N. Directed Graph Mapping for Ventricular�Tachycardia: A Comparison to Established Mapping Techniques. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2022. PMID: 36752465


  48. Higuchi S, Im SI, Stillson C, Buck ED, Jerrell S, Schneider CW, Speltz M, Gerstenfeld EP. Effect of Epicardial Pulsed Field Ablation Directly on Coronary Arteries. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2022. PMID: 36779624


  49. Higuchi S, Ito H, Gerstenfeld EP, Lee AC, Lee BK, Marcus GM, Hsia HH, Moss JD, Lee RJ, Dewland TA, Vedantham V, Tseng ZH, Patel AR, Tanel RE, Badhwar N, Pellegrini CN, Kawamura M, Shoda M, Hwang C, Refaat MM, Scheinman MM. The Value of Programmed Ventricular Extrastimuli From the Right Ventricular�Basal Septum During Supraventricular Tachycardia. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2022. PMID: 36858688


  50. Griffiths JR, Nussinovitch U, Liang JJ, Sims R, Yoneda ZT, Bernstein HM, Viswanathan MN, Khairy P, Srivatsa UN, Frankel DS, Marchlinski FE, Sandhu A, Shoemaker MB, Mohanty S, Burkhardt JD, Natale A, Lakireddy D, De Groot NMS, Gerstenfeld EP, Moore JP, ?vila P, Ernst S, Nguyen DT. Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: An International Multicenter Registry Study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2022. PMID: 36074954


  51. Gerstenfeld EP. Should CMR Be Performed for Every Patient With Frequent Premature Ventricular Contractions? JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2022. PMID: 36137718


  52. Alhede C, Higuchi S, Hadjis A, Bibby D, Abraham T, Schiller NB, Gerstenfeld EP. Premature Ventricular Contractions Are Presaged by a Mechanically Abnormal Sinus Beat. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2022. PMID: 35843863


  53. Im SI, Higuchi S, Lee A, Stillson C, Buck E, Morrow B, Schenider K, Speltz M, Gerstenfeld EP. Pulsed Field Ablation of Left Ventricular Myocardium in a Swine Infarct Model. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2022. PMID: 35738848


  54. Higuchi S, Kim EJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Bibby D, Schiller NB, Hsia HH. Atrial and ventricular cardiomyopathy associated with premature atrial contractions: Speckle-tracking echocardiography demonstrates reversibility following successful ablation. 2015 Year Book of Pediatrics. Ed. Cabana MD. (Elsevier; Philadelphia, PA) 2022. PMID: 35497471


  55. Cheung CC, Vittinghoff E, Marcus GM, Gerstenfeld EP. Beware of the hazards: limitations of the proportional hazards assumption. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2021. PMID: 34480543


  56. Higuchi S, Goldschlager N, Gerstenfeld EP. Atrioventricular Block With Narrow and Wide QRS: The Pause That Refreshes. 2015 Year Book of Pediatrics. Ed. Cabana MD. (Elsevier; Philadelphia, PA) 2021. PMID: 34633865


  57. Cheung CC, Mori S, Gerstenfeld EP. Iatrogenic Atrioventricular Block. 2015 Year Book of Pediatrics. Ed. Cabana MD. (Elsevier; Philadelphia, PA) 2021. PMID: 34689898


  58. Marcus GM, Vittinghoff E, Whitman IR, Joyce S, Yang V, Nah G, Gerstenfeld EP, Moss JD, Lee RJ, Lee BK, Tseng ZH, Vedantham V, Olgin JE, Scheinman MM, Hsia H, Gladstone R, Fan S, Lee E, Fang C, Ogomori K, Fatch R, Hahn JA. Acute Consumption of Alcohol and Discrete Atrial Fibrillation Events. Annals of internal medicine 2021. PMID: 34461028


  59. Rosenthal DG, Blusztein D, Mahadevan VS, Gerstenfeld EP. Misleading Placement of a Dual-Chamber Pacemaker. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2021. PMID: 34454877


  60. Cheung CC, Kim E, Tseng ZH, Gerstenfeld EP, Anderson RH, Sanchez-Quintana D, Sternick EB, Hsia HH. Atrial Tachycardia Ablation at the Pulmonic Valve in a Patient With Congenitally Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2021. PMID: 34330669


  61. Hadjis A, Frontera A, Limite LR, Lipartiti F, Tsitsinakis G, Vlachos K, Becker G, Sturmer M, Jaïs P, Hsia H, Gerstenfeld E, Bella PD. Landing on the spot: approaches to outflow tract PVCs; from ECG to EGMs to intracardiac echocardiography. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2021. PMID: 34081333


  62. Im SI, Voskoboinik A, Lee A, Higuchi S, Moss JD, Hsia H, Tseng ZH, Lee R, Marcus GM, Vedantham V, Scheinman M, Lee B, Park KM, Gerstenfeld EP. Predictors of Long-term Success after Catheter Ablation of Premature Ventricular Complexes. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2021. PMID: 34041816


  63. Higuchi S, Im SI, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. Two P waves followed by one QRS complex: What is the mechanism? Heart rhythm 2021. PMID: 33957318


  64. Kim EJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Pellegrini CN. Use of Adenosine to Release an Entrapped Catheter During Ablation of Premature Ventricular Complexes. JACC. Case reports 2021. PMID: 34317587


  66. Marcus GM, Dukes JW, Vittinghoff E, Nah G, Badhwar N, Moss JD, Lee RJ, Lee BK, Tseng ZH, Walters TE, Vedantham V, Gladstone R, Fan S, Lee E, Fang C, Ogomori K, Hue T, Olgin JE, Scheinman MM, Hsia H, Ramchandani VA, Gerstenfeld EP. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Intravenous Alcohol to Assess Changes in Atrial Electrophysiology. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2021. PMID: 33516710


  67. Nazer B, Giraud D, Zhao Y, Hodovan J, Elman MR, Masri A, Gerstenfeld EP, Lindner JR. High-Intensity Ultrasound Catheter Ablation Achieves Deep, Mid-Myocardial Lesions In-Vivo. Heart rhythm 2020. PMID: 33385570


  68. Cheung CC, Gerstenfeld EP. ECG quiz - Where is the block? Journal of electrocardiology 2020. PMID: 33310478


  69. Oesterle A, Lee AC, Voskoboinik A, Moss JD, Vedantham V, Walters TE, Lee BK, Tseng ZH, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. Electrophysiologic approach to diagnosis and ablation of patients with permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia associated with complex anatomy and/or physiology. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 33107135


  70. Gerstenfeld E, Marchlinski F. Conversations With Legends in Cardiac Electrophysiology. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 33213823


  71. Lee A, Higuchi S, Gerstenfeld EP. Epsilon Wave Resolution Following Epicardial Ablation in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 33121678


  72. Nazer B, Giraud D, Zhao Y, Qi Y, Mason O, Jones PD, Diederich CJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Lindner JR. Microbubble-Facilitated Ultrasound Catheter Ablation Causes Microvascular Damage and Fibrosis. Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2020. PMID: 33092899


  73. Walters TE, Szilagyi J, Alhede C, Sievers R, Fang Q, Olgin J, Gerstenfeld EP. Dyssynchrony and Fibrosis Persist After Resolution of Cardiomyopathy in a Swine Premature Ventricular Contraction Model. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 33121665


  74. Voskoboinik A, Gerstenfeld EP, Moss JD, Hsia H, Goldberger J, Nazer B, Dewland T, Singh D, Badhwar N, Tchou PJ, Meriwether JN, Sauer W, Danon A, Belhassen B, Scheinman MM. Complex Re-Entrant Arrhythmias Involving the His-Purkinje System: A Structured Approach to Diagnosis and Management. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 33213808


  75. Gerstenfeld EP, Moss JD. Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Strengthening the Evidence. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 32819532


  76. Parameswaran R, Kalman JM, Royse A, Goldblatt J, Larobina M, Watts T, Walters TE, Nalliah CJ, Wong G, Al-Kaisey A, Anderson RD, Voskoboinik A, Sugumar H, Chieng D, Sanders P, Kistler PM, Gerstenfeld EP, Lee G. Endocardial-Epicardial Phase Mapping of Prolonged Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Recordings: High Prevalence of Dissociated Activation Patterns. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 32634027


  77. Walters TE, Lee G, Lee A, Sievers R, Kalman JM, Gerstenfeld EP. Site-Specific Epicardium-to-Endocardium Dissociation of Electrical Activation in a Swine Model of Atrial Fibrillation. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 32703566


  78. Marano PJ, Lim LJ, Sanchez JM, Alvi R, Nah G, Badhwar N, Gerstenfeld EP, Tseng ZH, Marcus GM, Delling FN. Long-term outcomes of ablation for ventricular arrhythmias in mitral valve prolapse. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2020. PMID: 32506159


  79. Gerstenfeld EP. Approach to recurrent atrial fibrillation with isolated pulmonary veins. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 32298010


  80. Dewland TA, Wong AC, Gerstenfeld EP. Non-invasive VT Ablation: Should We Apply the Accelerator or the Brake? Heart rhythm 2020. PMID: 32289468


  81. Voskoboinik A, Butcher E, Sandhu A, Nguyen DT, Tzou W, Della Rocca DG, Natale A, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE, Aguilar M, Sauer W, Tedrow UB, Gerstenfeld EP. Direct Thrombin Inhibitors as an Alternative to Heparin During Catheter Ablation: A Multicenter Experience. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020. PMID: 32276868


  82. Voskoboinik A, Hadjis A, Alhede C, Im SI, Park H, Moss J, Marcus GM, Hsia H, Lee B, Tseng Z, Lee R, Scheinman M, Vedantham V, Vittinghoff E, Park KM, Gerstenfeld EP. Predictors of Adverse Outcome in Patients with Frequent Premature Ventricular Complexes: the ABC-VT Risk Score. Heart rhythm 2020. PMID: 32109563


  83. Lee A, Gerstenfeld EP. High-power radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: Establishing a standardized protocol. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2019. PMID: 31588638


  84. Lee A, Walters TE, Alhede C, Vittinghoff E, Sievers R, Gerstenfeld EP. Standard Peak-to-Peak Bipolar Voltage Amplitude Criteria Underestimates Myocardial Scar During Substrate Mapping with a Novel Microelectrode Catheter. Heart rhythm 2019. PMID: 31606463


  85. Nazer B, Walters TE, Dewland TA, Naniwadekar A, Koruth JS, Najeeb Osman M, Intini A, Chen M, Biermann J, Steinfurt J, Kalman JM, Tanel RE, Lee BK, Badhwar N, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. Variable Presentations and Ablation Sites for Manifest Nodoventricular/Nodofascicular Fibers. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2019. PMID: 31505948


  86. Rosenthal DG, Parwani P, Murray TO, Petek BJ, Benn BS, De Marco T, Gerstenfeld EP, Janmohamed M, Klein L, Lee BK, Moss JD, Scheinman MM, Hsia HH, Selby V, Koth LL, Pampaloni MH, Zikherman J, Vedantham V. Long-Term Corticosteroid-Sparing Immunosuppression for Cardiac Sarcoidosis. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019. PMID: 31538835


  87. Gerstenfeld EP, De Marco T. Premature Ventricular Contractions. Circulation 2019. PMID: 31424993


  88. Cardona-Guarache R, Åström-Aneq M, Oesterle A, Asirvatham R, Svetlichnaya J, Marcus GM, Gerstenfeld EP, Klein L, Scheinman MM. Atrial arrhythmias in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: Prevalence, echocardiographic predictors, and treatment. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2019. PMID: 31310380


  89. Calkins H, Willems S, Verma A, Schilling R, Hohnloser SH, Okumura K, Nordaby M, Kleine E, Bis B, Gerstenfeld EP. Heparin dosing in uninterrupted anticoagulation with dabigatran vs. warfarin in atrial fibrillation ablation: RE-CIRCUIT study. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2019. PMID: 30982849


  90. Lee A, Gerstenfeld EP. Electroporation-Application beyond pulmonary vein isolation? Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2019. PMID: 30895690


  91. Hohnloser SH, Calkins H, Willems S, Verma A, Schilling R, Okumura K, Nordaby M, Kleine E, Biss B, Gerstenfeld EP. Regional differences in patient characteristics and outcomes during uninterrupted anticoagulation with dabigatran versus warfarin in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: the RE-CIRCUIT study. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2019. PMID: 30758702


  92. Tietjens JR, Claman D, Kezirian EJ, De Marco T, Mirzayan A, Sadroonri B, Goldberg AN, Long C, Gerstenfeld EP, Yeghiazarians Y. Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Literature and Proposed Multidisciplinary Clinical Management Strategy. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019. PMID: 30590966


  93. Liang JJ, Frankel DS, Parikh V, Lakkireddy D, Mohanty S, Burkhardt JD, Natale A, Szilagyi J, Gerstenfeld EP, Moore JP, Collins KK, Kay JD, Santangeli P, Marchlinski FE, Sauer WH, Nguyen DT. Safety and outcomes of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in adults with congenital heart disease: A multicenter registry study. Heart rhythm 2018. PMID: 30593868


  94. Walters TE, Rahmutula D, Szilagyi J, Alhede C, Sievers R, Fang Q, Olgin J, Gerstenfeld EP. Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony Predicts the Cardiomyopathy Associated With Premature Ventricular Contractions. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2018. PMID: 30522650


  95. Cardoso R, Willems S, Gerstenfeld EP, Verma A, Schilling R, Hohnloser SH, Okumura K, Nordaby M, Brouwer MA, Calkins H. Uninterrupted anticoagulation with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: Lessons learned from randomized trials. Clinical cardiology 2018. PMID: 30460702


  96. Lee A, Walters TE, Gerstenfeld EP, Haqqani HM. Frequent Ventricular Ectopy: Implications and Outcomes. Heart, lung & circulation 2018. PMID: 30322758


  97. Nguyen DT, Tzou WS, Sandhu A, Gianni C, Anter E, Tung R, Valderrábano M, Hranitzky P, Soeijma K, Saenz L, Garcia FC, Tedrow UB, Miller JM, Gerstenfeld EP, Burkhardt JD, Natale A, Sauer WH. Prospective Multicenter Experience With Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation Using High Impedance Irrigant to Target Deep Myocardial Substrate Refractory to Standard Ablation. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2018. PMID: 30236391


  98. Szilágyi J, Walters TE, Marcus GM, Vedantham V, Moss JD, Badhwar N, Lee B, Lee R, Tseng ZH, Gerstenfeld EP. Surface ECG and intracardiac spectral measures predict atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2018. PMID: 30016007


  99. Anter E, Duytschaever M, Shen C, Strisciuglio T, Leshem E, Contreras-Valdes FM, Waks JW, Zimetbaum PJ, Kumar K, Spector PS, Lee A, Gerstenfeld EP, Nakar E, Bar-Tal M, Buxton AE. Activation Mapping With Integration of Vector and Velocity Information Improves the Ability to Identify the Mechanism and Location of Complex Scar-Related Atrial Tachycardias. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2018. PMID: 30354312


  100. Gerstenfeld EP. Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Using Electroporation: Back to the Future? JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2018. PMID: 30139500


  101. Ito H, Badhwar N, Patel AR, Hoffmayer KS, Moss JD, Pellegrini CN, Vedantham V, Tseng ZH, Tanel RE, Hsia HH, Lee RJ, Marcus GM, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. Use of Programmed Ventricular Extrastimulus During Supraventricular Tachycardia to Differentiate Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia From Atrioventricular Re-Entrant Tachycardia. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2018. PMID: 30025686


  103. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Cosedis Nielsen J, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d'Avila A, Natasja de Groot NMS, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2018. PMID: 29016840


  104. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Nielsen JC, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d'Avila A, de Groot NMSN, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017?HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2018. PMID: 29016841


  105. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Nielsen JC, Curtis AB, Wyn Davies D, Day JD, d'Avila A, de Groot NMSN, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: executive summary. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2017. PMID: 28914401


  106. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Nielsen JC, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d'Avila A, de Groot NMSN, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Heart rhythm 2017. PMID: 31631881


  107. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Nielsen JC, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d'Avila A, de Groot NMSN, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary. Journal of arrhythmia 2017. PMID: 29021841


  108. Gerstenfeld EP, Moss JD. Sympathetic Denervation to Treat Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia: Do We Have the Nerve? Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017. PMID: 28641797


  109. Szilágyi J, Marcus GM, Badhwar N, Lee BK, Lee RJ, Vedantham V, Tseng ZH, Walters T, Scheinman M, Olgin J, Gerstenfeld EP. Atrial fibrillation patients with isolated pulmonary veins: Is sinus rhythm achievable? Volume 28 of Issue 7. 2017. PMID: 28429499


  110. Nguyen DT, Gerstenfeld EP, Tzou WS, Jurgens PT, Zheng L, Schuller J, Zipse M, Sauer WH. Radiofrequency Ablation Using an Open Irrigated Electrode Cooled With Half-Normal Saline. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2017. PMID: 29759492


  111. Calkins H, Hindricks G, Cappato R, Kim YH, Saad EB, Aguinaga L, Akar JG, Badhwar V, Brugada J, Camm J, Chen PS, Chen SA, Chung MK, Nielsen JC, Curtis AB, Davies DW, Day JD, d'Avila A, de Groot NMSN, Di Biase L, Duytschaever M, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Ellinor PT, Ernst S, Fenelon G, Gerstenfeld EP, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Helm RH, Hylek E, Jackman WM, Jalife J, Kalman JM, Kautzner J, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Kumagai K, Lee R, Lewalter T, Lindsay BD, Macle L, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, Michaud GF, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Okumura K, Packer D, Pokushalov E, Reynolds MR, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Schilling R, Tondo C, Tsao HM, Verma A, Wilber DJ, Yamane T. 2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. Heart rhythm 2017. PMID: 28506916


  112. Calkins H, Willems S, Gerstenfeld EP, Verma A, Schilling R, Hohnloser SH, Okumura K, Serota H, Nordaby M, Guiver K, Biss B, Brouwer MA, Grimaldi M. Uninterrupted Dabigatran versus Warfarin for Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation. The New England journal of medicine 2017. PMID: 28317415


  113. Nazer B, Gerstenfeld EP. Cardiac autonomic neuromodulation: Can "kilohertz frequency" reduce arrhythmia frequency? Heart rhythm 2017. PMID: 28286244


  114. Gerstenfeld EP, Walters T. Amiodarone for Suppression of Ventricular Tachycardia: When Less Is More. JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2017. PMID: 29759608


  115. Nazer B, Walters TE, Duggirala S, Gerstenfeld EP. Feasibility of Rapid Linear-Endocardial and Epicardial Ventricular Ablation Using an Irrigated Multipolar Radiofrequency Ablation Catheter. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2017. PMID: 28288961


  116. Whitman IR, Gladstone RA, Badhwar N, Hsia HH, Lee BK, Josephson SA, Meisel KM, Dillon WP, Hess CP, Gerstenfeld EP, Marcus GM. Brain Emboli After Left Ventricular Endocardial Ablation. Circulation 2017. PMID: 28119381


  117. Ermakov S, Gerstenfeld EP, Svetlichnaya Y, Scheinman MM. Use of flecainide in combination antiarrhythmic therapy in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Heart rhythm 2016. PMID: 27939893


  118. Nguyen KT, Gladstone RA, Dukes JW, Nazer B, Vittinghoff E, Badhwar N, Vedantham V, Gerstenfeld EP, Lee BK, Lee RJ, Tseng ZH, Olgin JE, Scheinman MM, Marcus GM. The QT Interval as a Noninvasive Marker of Atrial Refractoriness. Volume 39 of Issue 12. 2016. PMID: 27753113


  119. Woods C, Shang C, Taghavi F, Downey P, Zalewski A, Rubio GR, Liu J, Homburger JR, Grunwald Z, Qi W, Bollensdorff C, Thanaporn P, Ali A, Riemer K, Kohl P, Mochly-Rosen D, Gerstenfeld E, Large S, Ali Z, Ashley E. In Vivo Post-Cardiac Arrest Myocardial Dysfunction Is Supported by Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II-Mediated Calcium Long-Term Potentiation and Mitigated by Alda-1, an Agonist of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Type 2. Circulation 2016. PMID: 27582424


  120. Skoda J, Arya A, Garcia F, Gerstenfeld E, Marchlinski F, Hindricks G, Miller J, Petru J, Sediva L, Sha Q, Janotka M, Chovanec M, Waldauf P, Neuzil P, Reddy VY. Catheter Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia With Remote Magnetic Navigation: STOP-VT Multicenter Trial. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2016. PMID: 26969220


  122. Nazer B, Salgaonkar V, Diederich CJ, Jones PD, Duggirala S, Tanaka Y, Ng B, Sievers R, Gerstenfeld EP. Epicardial Catheter Ablation Using High-Intensity Ultrasound: Validation in a Swine Model. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2015. PMID: 26546345


  123. Tanaka Y, Rahmutula D, Duggirala S, Nazer B, Fang Q, Olgin J, Sievers R, Gerstenfeld EP. Diffuse fibrosis leads to a decrease in unipolar voltage: Validation in a swine model of premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy. Volume 13 of Issue 2. 2015. PMID: 26416621


  124. Nazer B, Woods C, Dewland T, Moyers B, Badhwar N, Gerstenfeld EP. Importance of Ventricular Tachycardia Induction and Mapping for Patients Referred for Epicardial Ablation. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2015. PMID: 26228002


  125. Dukkipati SR, Woollett I, McELDERRY HT, Böhmer MC, Doshi SK, Gerstenfeld EP, Horton R, D'Avila A, Haines DE, Valderrabano M, Mangrum JM, Ruskin JN, Natale A, Reddy VY. Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using the Visually Guided Laser Balloon: Results of the U.S. Feasibility Study. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2015. PMID: 26080067


  126. Gerstenfeld EP, Duggirala S. Atrial fibrillation ablation: indications, emerging techniques, and follow-up. Progress in cardiovascular diseases 2015. PMID: 26241304


  127. Ito H, Kawamura M, Badhwar N, Vedantham V, Tseng ZH, Lee BK, Lee RJ, Marcus GM, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. The Effect of Direct Current Stimulation versus T-Wave Shock on Defibrillation Threshold Testing. Volume 38 of Issue 10. 2015. PMID: 26137999


  128. Gerstenfeld EP. Should All Patients Be Started on Antiarrhythmic Drugs After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation? JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2015. PMID: 29759313


  130. Hoffmayer KS, Gerstenfeld EP. Contact force-sensing catheters. Current opinion in cardiology 2015. PMID: 25389646


  132. Campos B, Jauregui ME, Marchlinski FE, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP. Use of a novel fragmentation map to identify the substrate for ventricular tachycardia in postinfarction cardiomyopathy. Heart rhythm 2014. PMID: 25285645


  133. Kawamura M, Gerstenfeld EP, Vedantham V, Rodrigues DM, Burkhardt JD, Kobayashi Y, Hsia HH, Marcus GM, Marchlinski FE, Scheinman MM, Badhwar N. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia originating from the cardiac crux or inferior septum: epicardial idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia. 2014. PMID: 25225238


  134. Tanaka Y, Genet M, Chuan Lee L, Martin AJ, Sievers R, Gerstenfeld EP. Utility of high-resolution electroanatomic mapping of the left ventricle using a multispline basket catheter in a swine model of chronic myocardial infarction. Heart rhythm 2014. PMID: 25173890


  135. Nazer B, Gerstenfeld EP. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with post-infarction cardiomyopathy. Korean circulation journal 2014. PMID: 25089131


  136. Singh DK, Viswanathan MN, Tanel RE, Lee RJ, Lee BK, Marcus GM, Olgin JE, Han F, Vedantham V, Tseng ZH, Pellegrini C, Kawamura M, Gerstenfeld EP, Badhwar N, Scheinman M. His overdrive pacing during supraventricular tachycardia: a novel maneuver for distinguishing atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia from atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia. Volume 11 of Issue 8. 2014. PMID: 24793458


  137. Hoffmayer KS, Dewland TA, Hsia HH, Badhwar N, Hsu JC, Tseng ZH, Marcus GM, Scheinman MM, Gerstenfeld EP. Safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation without coronary angiography in aortic cusp ventricular arrhythmias. Volume 11 of Issue 7. 2014. PMID: 24732373


  138. Riuró H, Campuzano O, Berne P, Arbelo E, Iglesias A, Pérez-Serra A, Coll-Vidal M, Partemi S, Mademont-Soler I, Picó F, Allegue C, Oliva A, Gerstenfeld E, Sarquella-Brugada G, Castro-Urda V, Fernández-Lozano I, Mont L, Brugada J, Scornik FS, Brugada R. Genetic analysis, in silico prediction, and family segregation in long QT syndrome. European journal of human genetics : EJHG 2014. PMID: 24667783


  139. Kawamura M, Badhwar N, Vedantham V, Tseng ZH, Lee BK, Lee RJ, Marcus GM, Olgin JE, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. Coupling interval dispersion and body mass index are independent predictors of idiopathic premature ventricular complex-induced cardiomyopathy. Volume 25 of Issue 7. 2014. PMID: 24612052


  140. Stepanyan G, Badhwar N, Lee RJ, Marcus GM, Lee BK, Tseng ZH, Vedantham V, Olgin J, Scheinman M, Gerstenfeld EP. Safety of new oral anticoagulants for patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Volume 40 of Issue 1. 2014. PMID: 24643666


  141. Gerstenfeld EP. Contact force-sensing catheters: evolution or revolution in catheter ablation technology? Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2014. PMID: 24550405


  142. Nazer B, Gerstenfeld EP, Hata A, Crum LA, Matula TJ. Cardiovascular applications of therapeutic ultrasound. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2013. PMID: 24297498


  143. Stepanyan G, Gerstenfeld EP. Atrial fibrillation ablation in octogenarians: where do we stand? Current cardiology reports 2013. PMID: 24026710


  144. Mountantonakis SE, Gerstenfeld EP. Reply: The challenge of voltage channels. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013. PMID: 24076494


  145. Gerstenfeld EP, Everett TH. Internal atrial defibrillation revisited: how low can we go? Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013. PMID: 24076285


  146. Ermakov S, Hoffmayer KS, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. Combination drug therapy for patients with intractable ventricular tachycardia associated with right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2013. PMID: 24102153


  147. Hsu JC, Badhwar N, Gerstenfeld EP, Lee RJ, Mandyam MC, Dewland TA, Imburgia KE, Hoffmayer KS, Vedantham V, Lee BK, Tseng ZH, Scheinman MM, Olgin JE, Marcus GM. Randomized trial of conventional transseptal needle versus radiofrequency energy needle puncture for left atrial access (the TRAVERSE-LA study). Volume 2 of Issue 5. 2013. PMID: 24045120


  148. Scheinman M, Gerstenfeld E. Mapping of complex atrial tachycardia circuits by 3-dimensional body surface mapping: the first step in the dawn of a new era. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013. PMID: 23727089


  149. Kapa S, Epstein AE, Callans DJ, Garcia FC, Lin D, Bala R, Riley MP, Hutchinson MD, Gerstenfeld EP, Tzou W, Marchlinski FE, Frankel DS, Cooper JM, Supple G, Deo R, Verdino RJ, Patel VV, Dixit S. Assessing arrhythmia burden after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation using an implantable loop recorder: the ABACUS study. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2013. PMID: 23577826


  150. Dukkipati SR, Kuck KH, Neuzil P, Woollett I, Kautzner J, McElderry HT, Schmidt B, Gerstenfeld EP, Doshi SK, Horton R, Metzner A, d'Avila A, Ruskin JN, Natale A, Reddy VY. Pulmonary vein isolation using a visually guided laser balloon catheter: the first 200-patient multicenter clinical experience. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2013. PMID: 23559674


  151. Hoffmayer KS, Gerstenfeld EP. Diagnosis and management of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. Current problems in cardiology 2013. PMID: 23497740


  152. Mountantonakis SE, Park RE, Frankel DS, Hutchinson MD, Dixit S, Cooper J, Callans D, Marchlinski FE, Gerstenfeld EP. Relationship between voltage map "channels" and the location of critical isthmus sites in patients with post-infarction cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2013. PMID: 23524215


  153. Leong-Sit P, Robinson M, Zado ES, Callans DJ, Garcia F, Lin D, Dixit S, Bala R, Riley MP, Hutchinson MD, Cooper J, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE. Inducibility of atrial fibrillation and flutter following pulmonary vein ablation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2013. PMID: 23387879


  154. Frankel DS, Tschabrunn CM, Cooper JM, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Riley MP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Apical ventricular tachycardia morphology in left ventricular nonischemic cardiomyopathy predicts poor transplant-free survival. Heart rhythm 2012. PMID: 23276817


  155. Hoffmayer KS, Bhave PD, Marcus GM, James CA, Tichnell C, Chopra N, Moxey L, Krahn AD, Dixit S, Stevenson W, Calkins H, Badhwar N, Gerstenfeld EP, Scheinman MM. An electrocardiographic scoring system for distinguishing right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy from idiopathic ventricular tachycardia. Heart rhythm 2012. PMID: 23246596


  156. Hutchinson MD, Garcia FC, Mandel JE, Elkassabany N, Zado ES, Riley MP, Cooper JM, Bala R, Frankel DS, Lin D, Supple GE, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Efforts to enhance catheter stability improve atrial fibrillation ablation outcome. Heart rhythm 2012. PMID: 23128019


  158. Campos B, Jauregui ME, Park KM, Mountantonakis SE, Gerstenfeld EP, Haqqani H, Garcia FC, Hutchinson MD, Callans DJ, Dixit S, Lin D, Riley MP, Tzou W, Cooper JM, Bala R, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. New unipolar electrogram criteria to identify irreversibility of nonischemic left ventricular cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012. PMID: 23103045


  159. Tschabrunn CM, Haqqani HM, Cooper JM, Dixit S, Garcia FC, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. Percutaneous epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation after noncoronary cardiac surgery or pericarditis. Heart rhythm 2012. PMID: 23059131


  160. Moss JD, Gerstenfeld EP, Deo R, Hutchinson MD, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE, Dixit S. ECG criteria for accurate localization of left anterolateral and posterolateral accessory pathways. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2012. PMID: 23035773


  161. Betensky BP, Jauregui M, Campos B, Michele J, Marchlinski FE, Oley L, Wylie B, Robinson D, Gerstenfeld EP. Use of a novel endoscopic catheter for direct visualization and ablation in an ovine model of chronic myocardial infarction. Circulation 2012. PMID: 23008440


  162. Mathew J, Katz R, St John Sutton M, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Ghio S, Gold MR, Linde C, Shlipak MG, Deo R. Chronic kidney disease and cardiac remodelling in patients with mild heart failure: results from the REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic Left vEntricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study. European journal of heart failure 2012. PMID: 22956574


  163. Deyell MW, Park KM, Han Y, Frankel DS, Dixit S, Cooper JM, Hutchinson MD, Lin D, Garcia F, Bala R, Riley MP, Gerstenfeld E, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Predictors of recovery of left ventricular dysfunction after ablation of frequent ventricular premature depolarizations. Heart rhythm 2012. PMID: 22640894


  164. Anastasio N, Frankel DS, Deyell MW, Zado E, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Cooper J, Lin D, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ. Nearly uniform failure of atrial flutter ablation and continuation of antiarrhythmic agents (hybrid therapy) for the long-term control of atrial fibrillation. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2012. PMID: 22552760


  165. Jauregui-Abularach ME, Campos B, Betensky BP, Michele J, Gerstenfeld EP. Comparison of epicardial cryoablation and irrigated radiofrequency ablation in a Swine infarct model. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2012. PMID: 22554000


  166. Frankel DS, Mountantonakis SE, Zado ES, Anter E, Bala R, Cooper JM, Deo R, Dixit S, Epstein AE, Garcia FC, Gerstenfeld EP, Hutchinson MD, Lin D, Patel VV, Riley MP, Robinson MR, Tzou WS, Verdino RJ, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Noninvasive programmed ventricular stimulation early after ventricular tachycardia ablation to predict risk of late recurrence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2012. PMID: 22516442


  167. Mandyam MC, Vedantham V, Scheinman MM, Tseng ZH, Badhwar N, Lee BK, Lee RJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Olgin JE, Marcus GM. Alcohol and vagal tone as triggers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Volume 110 of Issue 3. The American journal of cardiology 2012. PMID: 22521307


  168. Lin D, Frankel DS, Zado ES, Gerstenfeld E, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Riley M, Hutchinson M, Garcia F, Bala R, Verdino R, Cooper J, Marchlinski FE. Pulmonary vein antral isolation and nonpulmonary vein trigger ablation without additional substrate modification for treating longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2012. PMID: 22509772


  169. Frankel DS, Lin D, Anastasio N, Mountantonakis SE, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Hutchinson MD, Riley MP, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ. Frequent additional tachyarrhythmias in patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia undergoing sinus node modification: an important cause of symptom recurrence. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2012. PMID: 22471900


  170. Jauregui Abularach ME, Campos B, Park KM, Tschabrunn CM, Frankel DS, Park RE, Gerstenfeld EP, Mountantonakis SE, Mountantonakis S, Garcia FC, Dixit S, Tzou WS, Hutchinson MD, Lin D, Riley MP, Cooper JM, Bala R, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Ablation of ventricular arrhythmias arising near the anterior epicardial veins from the left sinus of Valsalva region: ECG features, anatomic distance, and outcome. Heart rhythm 2012. PMID: 22306618


  171. Gerstenfeld EP. Have lasers finally found their niche in interventional cardiology? Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2011. PMID: 22155703


  172. Dixit S, Marchlinski FE, Lin D, Callans DJ, Bala R, Riley MP, Garcia FC, Hutchinson MD, Ratcliffe SJ, Cooper JM, Verdino RJ, Patel VV, Zado ES, Cash NR, Killian T, Tomson TT, Gerstenfeld EP. Randomized ablation strategies for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation: RASTA study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2011. PMID: 22139886


  173. Gerstenfeld EP. New technologies for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine 2011. PMID: 21789501


  174. Saghy L, Callans DJ, Garcia F, Lin D, Marchlinski FE, Riley M, Dixit S, Tzou WS, Haqqani HM, Pap R, Kim S, Gerstenfeld EP. Is there a relationship between complex fractionated atrial electrograms recorded during atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm fractionation? Heart rhythm 2011. PMID: 21946341


  175. Bala R, Ren JF, Hutchinson MD, Desjardins B, Tschabrunn C, Gerstenfeld EP, Deo R, Dixit S, Garcia FC, Cooper J, Lin D, Riley MP, Tzou WS, Verdino R, Epstein AE, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Assessing epicardial substrate using intracardiac echocardiography during VT ablation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2011. PMID: 21880675


  176. Tzou WS, Zado ES, Lin D, Callans DJ, Dixit S, Cooper JM, Bala R, Garcia F, Hutchinson MD, Riley MP, Deo R, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE. Sinus rhythm ECG criteria associated with basal-lateral ventricular tachycardia substrate in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2011. PMID: 21736660


  177. Anter E, Hutchinson MD, Deo R, Haqqani HM, Callans DJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Garcia FC, Bala R, Lin D, Riley MP, Litt HI, Woo JY, Acker MA, Szeto WY, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE, Dixit S. Surgical ablation of refractory ventricular tachycardia in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2011. PMID: 21673018


  178. Betensky BP, Park RE, Marchlinski FE, Hutchinson MD, Garcia FC, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Cooper JM, Bala R, Lin D, Riley MP, Gerstenfeld EP. The V(2) transition ratio: a new electrocardiographic criterion for distinguishing left from right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia origin. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2011. PMID: 21616286


  179. Mountantonakis SE, Frankel DS, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Lin D, Hutchinson MD, Riley M, Bala R, Cooper J, Callans D, Garcia F, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. Reversal of outflow tract ventricular premature depolarization-induced cardiomyopathy with ablation: effect of residual arrhythmia burden and preexisting cardiomyopathy on outcome. Heart rhythm 2011. PMID: 21699837


  180. Gerstenfeld EP, Lavi N, Bazan V, Gojraty S, Kim SJ, Michele J. Mechanism of complex fractionated electrograms recorded during atrial fibrillation in a canine model. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2011. PMID: 21418250


  181. Haqqani HM, Tschabrunn CM, Tzou WS, Dixit S, Cooper JM, Riley MP, Lin D, Hutchinson MD, Garcia FC, Bala R, Verdino RJ, Callans DJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. Isolated septal substrate for ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: incidence, characterization, and implications. Heart rhythm 2011. PMID: 21392586


  182. Mountantonakis S, Frankel DS, Hutchinson MD, Dixit S, Riley M, Callans DJ, Garcia F, Lin D, Tzou W, Bala R, Marchlinski FE, Gerstenfeld EP. Feasibility of catheter ablation of mitral annular flutter in patients with prior mitral valve surgery. Heart rhythm 2011. PMID: 21236363


  183. Hutchinson MD, Gerstenfeld EP, Desjardins B, Bala R, Riley MP, Garcia FC, Dixit S, Lin D, Tzou WS, Cooper JM, Verdino RJ, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Endocardial unipolar voltage mapping to detect epicardial ventricular tachycardia substrate in patients with nonischemic left ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2010. PMID: 21131557


  184. Van Herendael H, Garcia F, Lin D, Riley M, Bala R, Cooper J, Tzou W, Hutchinson MD, Verdino R, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Tschabrunn CM, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. Idiopathic right ventricular arrhythmias not arising from the outflow tract: prevalence, electrocardiographic characteristics, and outcome of catheter ablation. Heart rhythm 2010. PMID: 21129502


  185. Leong-Sit P, Roux JF, Zado E, Callans DJ, Garcia F, Lin D, Marchlinski FE, Bala R, Dixit S, Riley M, Hutchinson MD, Cooper J, Russo AM, Verdino R, Gerstenfeld EP. Antiarrhythmics after ablation of atrial fibrillation (5A Study): six-month follow-up study. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2010. PMID: 21076158


  186. Mountantonakis S, Gerstenfeld EP. Atrial Tachycardias Occurring After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Strategies for Mapping and Ablation. Journal of atrial fibrillation 2010. PMID: 28496670


  187. Leong-Sit P, Zado E, Callans DJ, Garcia F, Lin D, Dixit S, Bala R, Riley MP, Hutchinson MD, Cooper J, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE. Efficacy and risk of atrial fibrillation ablation before 45 years of age. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2010. PMID: 20858861


  188. Baetz BE, Gerstenfeld EP, Kolansky DM, Spinler SA. Bivalirudin use during radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures in two patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Pharmacotherapy 2010. PMID: 20812431


  189. Gerstenfeld EP. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with midcavitary obstruction: another substrate for ventricular tachycardia? Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2010. PMID: 20487115


  191. Gerstenfeld EP, Michele J. Pulmonary vein isolation using a compliant endoscopic laser balloon ablation system in a swine model. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2010. PMID: 20625804


  192. Riley MP, Zado E, Bala R, Callans DJ, Cooper J, Dixit S, Garcia F, Gerstenfeld EP, Hutchinson MD, Lin D, Patel V, Verdino R, Marchlinski FE. Lack of uniform progression of endocardial scar in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2010. PMID: 20558846


  193. Torres JL, Shah BK, Greenberg RM, Deger FT, Gerstenfeld EP. A left ventricular epicardial to right ventricular endocardial dominant frequency gradient exists in human ventricular fibrillation. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2010. PMID: 20461544


  194. Tzou WS, Marchlinski FE, Zado ES, Lin D, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Cooper JM, Bala R, Garcia F, Hutchinson MD, Riley MP, Verdino R, Gerstenfeld EP. Long-term outcome after successful catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2010. PMID: 20335557


  195. Frankel DS, Gerstenfeld EP. Management of the Asymptomatic Patient After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Journal of atrial fibrillation 2010. PMID: 28496644


  196. Bala R, Garcia FC, Hutchinson MD, Gerstenfeld EP, Dhruvakumar S, Dixit S, Cooper JM, Lin D, Harding J, Riley MP, Zado E, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the right/left coronary cusp commissure. Heart rhythm 2009. PMID: 20097621


  197. Sauer WH, Zado E, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ. Incidence and predictors of mortality following ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Heart rhythm 2009. PMID: 19939743


  198. Roux JF, Zado E, Callans DJ, Garcia F, Lin D, Marchlinski FE, Bala R, Dixit S, Riley M, Russo AM, Hutchinson MD, Cooper J, Verdino R, Patel V, Joy PS, Gerstenfeld EP. Antiarrhythmics After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (5A Study). Circulation 2009. PMID: 19738139


  199. Gojraty S, Lavi N, Valles E, Kim SJ, Michele J, Gerstenfeld EP. Dominant frequency mapping of atrial fibrillation: comparison of contact and noncontact approaches. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2009. PMID: 19470038


  200. Tzou WS, Gerstenfeld EP. Genetic testing in the management of inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Current cardiology reports 2009. PMID: 19709494


  201. Cano O, Hutchinson M, Lin D, Garcia F, Zado E, Bala R, Riley M, Cooper J, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld E, Callans D, Marchlinski FE. Electroanatomic substrate and ablation outcome for suspected epicardial ventricular tachycardia in left ventricular nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009. PMID: 19695457


  202. Bazan V, Martí-Almor J, Perez-Rodon J, Bruguera J, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Incremental pacing for the diagnosis of complete cavotricuspid isthmus block during radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2009. PMID: 19656252


  203. Rivas N, Dhruvakumar S, Mainigi SK, Smith T, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE. Ventricular premature depolarizations triggered by incremental dose isoproterenol infusion: common electrocardiographic features. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2009. PMID: 19148731


  204. Roux JF, Gojraty S, Bala R, Liu CF, Dixit S, Hutchinson MD, Garcia F, Lin D, Callans DJ, Riley M, Marchlinski F, Gerstenfeld EP. Effect of pulmonary vein isolation on the distribution of complex fractionated electrograms in humans. Heart rhythm 2008. PMID: 19187903


  205. Valles E, Fan R, Roux JF, Liu CF, Harding JD, Dhruvakumar S, Hutchinson MD, Riley M, Bala R, Garcia FC, Lin D, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE. Localization of atrial fibrillation triggers in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation: importance of the carina region. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2008. PMID: 18940533


  206. Fan R, Cano O, Ho SY, Bala R, Callans DJ, Dixit S, Garcia F, Gerstenfeld EP, Hutchinson M, Lin D, Riley M, Marchlinski FE. Characterization of the phrenic nerve course within the epicardial substrate of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia. Heart rhythm 2008. PMID: 19121801


  207. Zado E, Callans DJ, Riley M, Hutchinson M, Garcia F, Bala R, Lin D, Cooper J, Verdino R, Russo AM, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld E, Marchlinski FE. Long-term clinical efficacy and risk of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in the elderly. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2008. PMID: 18462325


  208. Roux JF, Gojraty S, Bala R, Liu CF, Hutchinson MD, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Marchlinski F, Gerstenfeld EP. Complex fractionated electrogram distribution and temporal stability in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2008. PMID: 18373601


  209. Nayak HM, Verdino RJ, Russo AM, Gerstenfeld EP, Hsia HH, Lin D, Dixit S, Cooper JM, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Ventricular tachycardia storm after initiation of biventricular pacing: incidence, clinical characteristics, management, and outcome. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2008. PMID: 18363690


  210. Gerstenfeld EP. Functional block in the posterior left atrium another piece in the puzzle of atrial fibrillation initiation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2008. PMID: 18294573


  211. Lin D, Ilkhanoff L, Gerstenfeld E, Dixit S, Beldner S, Bala R, Garcia F, Callans D, Marchlinski FE. Twelve-lead electrocardiographic characteristics of the aortic cusp region guided by intracardiac echocardiography and electroanatomic mapping. Heart rhythm 2008. PMID: 18452867


  212. Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Ratcliffe SJ, Cooper JM, Russo AM, Kimmel SE, Callans DJ, Lin D, Verdino RJ, Patel VV, Zado E, Marchlinski FE. Single procedure efficacy of isolating all versus arrhythmogenic pulmonary veins on long-term control of atrial fibrillation: a prospective randomized study. Heart rhythm 2007. PMID: 18242535


  213. Gerstenfeld EP. Noncontact frequency mapping of atrial fibrillation: are we ready to accept "virtual" mapping? Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2007. PMID: 17887976


  214. Bazan V, Gerstenfeld EP, Garcia FC, Bala R, Rivas N, Dixit S, Zado E, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Site-specific twelve-lead ECG features to identify an epicardial origin for left ventricular tachycardia in the absence of myocardial infarction. Heart rhythm 2007. PMID: 17954399


  215. Gerstenfeld EP, Jacobson J, Bazan V, Lazar S, Tomaszewski JE, Marchlinski FE, Michele J. Comparison of high power, medium power, and irrigated-tip ablation strategies for pulmonary vein isolation in a canine model. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2007. PMID: 17553075


  216. Dhruvakumar S, Gerstenfeld EP. Complications associated with catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Minerva cardioangiologica 2007. PMID: 17534254


  217. Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Bala R, Callans DJ, Lin D, Sauer W, Garcia F, Cooper J, Russo AM, Marchlinski FE. Surface electrocardiogram characteristics of atrial tachycardias occurring after pulmonary vein isolation. Heart rhythm 2007. PMID: 17765610


  218. Ilkhanoff L, Gerstenfeld EP, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. Changes in ventricular dimensions and function during recovery of atrial tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy treated with catheter ablation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2007. PMID: 17584487


  219. Chinitz JS, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ. Atrial fibrillation is common after ablation of isolated atrial flutter during long-term follow-up. Heart rhythm 2007. PMID: 17675077


  220. Gerstenfeld EP. Persistent pulmonary vein isolation: the elusive goal of atrial fibrillation ablation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2007. PMID: 17394454


  221. Lin D, Garcia F, Jacobson J, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Verdino R, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Use of noncontact mapping and saline-cooled ablation catheter for sinus node modification in medically refractory inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2007. PMID: 17338721


  222. Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE. Mapping and ablation of left atrial tachycardias occurring after atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart rhythm 2007. PMID: 17336888


  223. Gerstenfeld EP, Callans D, Dixit S, Lin D, Cooper J, Russo AM, Verdino R, Weiner M, Zado E, Marchlinski FE. Characteristics of patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation: trends over a seven-year period 1999-2005. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2006. PMID: 17081205


  224. Mainigi SK, Sauer WH, Cooper JM, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Russo AM, Verdino RJ, Lin D, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE. Incidence and predictors of very late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after ablation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2006. PMID: 17081214


  225. Gentlesk PJ, Sauer WH, Gerstenfeld EP, Lin D, Dixit S, Zado E, Callans D, Marchlinski FE. Reversal of left ventricular dysfunction following ablation of atrial fibrillation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2006. PMID: 17081210


  226. Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Cooper JM, Lin D, Russo AM, Verdino RJ, Patel VV, Kimmel SE, Ratcliffe SJ, Hsia HH, Nayak HM, Zado E, Ren JF, Marchlinski FE. Comparison of cool tip versus 8-mm tip catheter in achieving electrical isolation of pulmonary veins for long-term control of atrial fibrillation: a prospective randomized pilot study. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2006. PMID: 16879626


  227. Sauer WH, Alonso C, Zado E, Cooper JM, Lin D, Dixit S, Russo A, Verdino R, Ji S, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in patients referred for atrial fibrillation ablation: response to ablation that incorporates slow-pathway modification. Circulation 2006. PMID: 16831982


  228. Bazan V, Bala R, Garcia FC, Sussman JS, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Zado E, Marchlinski FE. Twelve-lead ECG features to identify ventricular tachycardia arising from the epicardial right ventricle. Heart rhythm 2006. PMID: 17018339


  229. Mainigi SK, Cooper JM, Russo AM, Nayak HM, Lin D, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Hsia HH, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE, Verdino RJ. Elevated defibrillation thresholds in patients undergoing biventricular defibrillator implantation: incidence and predictors. Heart rhythm 2006. PMID: 16945792


  230. Sauer WH, McKernan ML, Lin D, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Clinical predictors and outcomes associated with acute return of pulmonary vein conduction during pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Heart rhythm 2006. PMID: 16945795


  231. Lazar S, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Lin D, Marchlinski FE, Gerstenfeld EP. Effect of pulmonary vein isolation on the left-to-right atrial dominant frequency gradient in human atrial fibrillation. Heart rhythm 2006. PMID: 16876735


  232. Dixit S, Callans DJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE. Reentrant and nonreentrant forms of atrio-ventricular nodal tachycardia mimicking atrial fibrillation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2006. PMID: 16643407


  233. Rami TG, Bala R, Gerstenfeld EP. Supraventricular arrhythmias limit effective cardiac resynchronization therapy: diagnosis using intracardiac electrograms and device based pacing maneuvers. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2006. PMID: 16755341


  234. Gerstenfeld EP, Sauer W, Callans DJ, Dixit S, Lin D, Russo AM, Beldner S, McKernan M, Marchlinski FE. Predictors of success after selective pulmonary vein isolation of arrhythmogenic pulmonary veins for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Heart rhythm 2006. PMID: 16443531


  235. Testani JM, Kolansky DM, Litt H, Gerstenfeld EP. Focal myocarditis mimicking acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: diagnosis using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Texas Heart Institute journal 2006. PMID: 16878641


  236. Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Sauer W, Jacobson J, Marchlinski FE. Reentrant and nonreentrant focal left atrial tachycardias occur after pulmonary vein isolation. Heart rhythm 2005. PMID: 16253909


  237. Gerstenfeld EP. Does rhythm control improve functional status in patients with atrial fibrillation? Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005. PMID: 16286178


  238. Lin D, Hsia HH, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Nayak H, Russo A, Marchlinski FE. Idiopathic fascicular left ventricular tachycardia: linear ablation lesion strategy for noninducible or nonsustained tachycardia. Heart rhythm 2005. PMID: 16171747


  239. Spencer CT, Byrne BJ, Gewitz MH, Wechsler SB, Kao AC, Gerstenfeld EP, Merliss AD, Carboni MP, Bryant RM. Ventricular arrhythmia in the X-linked cardiomyopathy Barth syndrome. Pediatric cardiology 2005. PMID: 16235007


  240. Marchlinski F, Garcia F, Siadatan A, Sauer W, Beldner S, Zado E, Hsia H, Lin D, Cooper J, Verdino R, Gerstenfeld E, Dixit S, Russo A, Callans D. Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation ablation in the setting of ischemic heart disease. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2005. PMID: 16138888


  241. Russo AM, Sauer W, Gerstenfeld EP, Hsia HH, Lin D, Cooper JM, Dixit S, Verdino RJ, Nayak HM, Callans DJ, Patel V, Marchlinski FE. Defibrillation threshold testing: is it really necessary at the time of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator insertion? Heart rhythm 2005. PMID: 15840466


  243. Ren JF, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Lin D, Nayak HM, Hsia HH. Increased intensity of anticoagulation may reduce risk of thrombus during atrial fibrillation ablation procedures in patients with spontaneous echo contrast. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2005. PMID: 15877616


  244. Gerstenfeld EP. Defibrillation threshold testing: is one shock enough? Heart rhythm 2005. PMID: 15851282


  245. Rajawat YS, Patel VV, Gerstenfeld EP, Nayak H, Marchlinski FE. Advantages and pitfalls of combining device-based and pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias: observations from a tertiary referral center. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2004. PMID: 15613132


  246. Lazar S, Dixit S, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ, Gerstenfeld EP. Presence of left-to-right atrial frequency gradient in paroxysmal but not persistent atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation 2004. PMID: 15533867


  247. Patel VV, Rho RW, Gerstenfeld EP, Hsia HH, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Right bundle-branch block ventricular tachycardias: septal versus lateral ventricular origin based on activation time to the right ventricular apex. Circulation 2004. PMID: 15492311


  248. Marchlinski FE, Zado E, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld E, Callans DJ, Hsia H, Lin D, Nayak H, Russo A, Pulliam W. Electroanatomic substrate and outcome of catheter ablative therapy for ventricular tachycardia in setting of right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2004. PMID: 15477406


  249. Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Dixit S, Russo AM, Nayak H, Lin D, Pulliam W, Siddique S, Marchlinski FE. Mechanisms of organized left atrial tachycardias occurring after pulmonary vein isolation. Circulation 2004. PMID: 15353501


  250. Callans DJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Zado E, Vanderhoff M, Ren JF, Marchlinski FE. Efficacy of repeat pulmonary vein isolation procedures in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2004. PMID: 15363079


  251. Dixit S, Ren JF, Callans DJ, Gerstenfeld EP, Zado E, Vanderhoff ME, Marchlinski FE. Favorable effect of pulmonic vein isolation by partial circumferential ablation on ostial flow velocity. Heart rhythm 2004. PMID: 15851167


  252. Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Mechanisms underlying sustained firing from pulmonary veins: evidence from pacing maneuvers and pharmacological manipulation. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2004. PMID: 15305962


  253. Siddique SM, Gerstenfeld EP. Supraventricular tachycardia observed upon termination of atrial flutter: what is the mechanism? Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2004. PMID: 15250874


  254. Beldner S, Gerstenfeld EP, Lin D, Marchlinski F. Ablation of atrial fibrillation: localizing triggers, mapping systems and ablation techniques. Minerva cardioangiologica 2004. PMID: 15194992


  255. Rajawat YS, Gerstenfeld EP, Patel VV, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. ECG criteria for localizing the pulmonary vein origin of spontaneous atrial premature complexes: validation using intracardiac recordings. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2004. PMID: 14764168


  256. Russo AM, Nayak H, Verdino R, Springman J, Gerstenfeld E, Hsia H, Marchlinski FE. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator events in patients with asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: is device implantation justified? Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2003. PMID: 14675014


  257. Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Dixit S, Zado E, Marchlinski FE. Incidence and location of focal atrial fibrillation triggers in patients undergoing repeat pulmonary vein isolation: implications for ablation strategies. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2003. PMID: 12930245


  258. Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Callans DJ, Rajawat Y, Rho R, Marchlinski FE. Quantitative comparison of spontaneous and paced 12-lead electrocardiogram during right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2003. PMID: 12798580


  259. Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Rho RW, Patel V, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Change in distant atrial activation patterns during circumferential pacemapping of pulmonic vein ostium: implications for localizing triggers for atrial fibrillation. Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2003. PMID: 12815304


  260. Gerstenfeld EP, Ren JF, Marchlinski FE. Atrial tachycardia successfully treated by electrical isolation of the superior vena cava. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2003. PMID: 12715853


  261. Marchlinski FE, Callans D, Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Rho R, Ren JF, Zado E. Efficacy and safety of targeted focal ablation versus PV isolation assisted by magnetic electroanatomic mapping. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2003. PMID: 12741705


  262. Rho RW, Patel VV, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Poku JW, Ross HM, Callans D, Kocovic DZ. Elevations in ventricular pacing threshold with the use of the Y adaptor: implications for biventricular pacing. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2003. PMID: 12698677


  263. Dixit S, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Electrocardiographic patterns of superior right ventricular outflow tract tachycardias: distinguishing septal and free-wall sites of origin. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2003. PMID: 12625602


  264. Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Callans D, Rho R, Rajawat Y, Zado E, Marchlinski FE. Utility of exit block for identifying electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2002. PMID: 12435181


  265. Rajawat YS, Dias D, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Shah B, Russo AM, Marchlinski FE. Interactions of antiarrhythmic drugs and implantable devices in controlling ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Current cardiology reports 2002. PMID: 12169241


  266. Nakai T, Lesh MD, Gerstenfeld EP, Virmani R, Jones R, Lee RJ. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (PLAATO) for preventing cardioembolism: first experience in canine model. Circulation 2002. PMID: 11994258


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  268. Gerstenfeld EP, Guerra P, Sparks PB, Hattori K, Lesh MD. Clinical outcome after radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation triggers. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2001. PMID: 11513440


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  270. Gerstenfeld EP, SippensGroenewegen A, Lux RL, Lesh MD. Derivation of an optimal lead set for measuring ectopic atrial activation from the pulmonary veins by using body surface mapping. Journal of electrocardiology 2000. PMID: 11265719


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  274. Gerstenfeld EP, Sahakian AV, Swiryn S. Evidence for transient linking of atrial excitation during atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation 1992. PMID: 1638706


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